The root system: One from a young plant and the other from a more mature plant.

The seeds of this plant is very tiny. The fruit is presented as a capsule, probably having 2 compartments or cells. Each cell housed numerous tiny seeds as described by the PIER website: "Seeds numerous per cell, angular, ca. 0.25 mm long".

For a short while, I had mistaken the following structures found in the dried fruits as its seeds. They were probably just the leftover of the seed holders in the fruits.

The Chinese name, Bai Hua She She Cao (白花蛇舌草), was generally refer to a few similar-looking Oldenlandia species by folks who are not familiar with this plant. Strictly speaking, this Chinese name should be referring to Oldenlandia diffusa or Hedyotis diffusa. Both names are synonyms of Scleromitrion diffusum. In Taiwan, the term in the local language is "Peh-Hue-Juwa-Chi-Cao". Again, this term should be referring to Scleromitrion diffusum. The Chinese name for Oldenlandia corymbosa is Shui Xian Cao (水线草). Pictures of the plant shown in some website peddling its medicinal value can be quite confusing between these 2 species.

Till today, many publications are still using the synonym, Hedyotis corymbosa, instead of the accepted botanical name Oldenlandia corymbosa. Also, some websites such as Flora & Fauna Web by NParks still considered Hedyotis corymbosa as the accepted name.

| Plants of the World Online | Urban Forest | WIKTROP | University of Florida | CABI Digital Library | Flora of China |

[2022] Le AT, Choi IL, Han GD, Kang HM, Jung DH, Park WP, Yildiz M, Do TK, Chung YS. Colored LED lights: Use one color alone or with others for growth in Hedyotis corymbosa in vitro? Plants (Basel) 2022;12(1):93. | Read article |

[2022] Le AT, Yu JK, Han GD, Do TK, Chung YS. Potential use of colored LED lights to increase the production of bioactive metabolites Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. Plants (Basel) 2022;11(2):225. | Read article |

[2018] Lin LM, Xiong SH, Zhao LJ, Tang J, Zhang ZM, Li YM, Zheng T, Xia BH. Extraction, characterization, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides from Hedyotis corymbosa. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018;2018:8617070. | Read article |

[2018] Wang Y, Wang C, Lin H, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li P, Liu J. Discovery of the potential biomarkers for discrimination between Hedyotis diffusa and Hedyotis corymbosa by UPLC-QTOF/MS metabolome analysis. Molecules 2018;23(7):1525. | Read article |

[2015] Moniruzzaman M, Ferdous A, Irin S. Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of ethanol extract of Hedyotis corymbosa Linn. whole plant in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2015;161:82-85. | Read abstract |

[2012] Yue GG, Kin-Ming Lee J, Cheng L, Chung-Lap Chan B, Jiang L, Fung KP, Leung PC, Bik-San Lau C. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in human hepatoma cells by hedyotiscone A, a compound isolated from Hedyotis corymbosa. Xenobiotica 2012;42(6):562-570. | Read abstract |

[2012] Lau CB, Cheng L, Cheng BW, Yue GG, Wong EC, Lau CP, Leung PC, Fung KP. Development of a simple chromatographic method for distinguishing between two easily confused species, Hedyotis diffusa and Hedyotis corymbosa. Nat Prod Res 2012;26(15):1446-1450. | Read abstract |

[2011] You BJ, Wu YC, Wu CY, Bao BY, Chen MY, Chang YH, Lee HZ. Proteomics displays cytoskeletal proteins and chaperones involvement in Hedyotis corymbosa-induced photokilling in skin cancer cells. Exp Dermatol 2011;20(8):653-658. | Read abstract |

[2010] Sasikumar JM, Maheshu V, Aseervatham GS, Darsini DT. In vitro antioxidant activity of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. aerial parts. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010;47(1):49-52. | Read abstract |

[2009] Chimkode R, Patil MB, Jalalpure S, Pasha TY, Sarkar S. A Study of hepatoprotective activity of Hedyotis corymbosa. Linn, in albino rats. Anc Sci Life 2009;28(4):32-35. | Read article |

[2009] Mishra K, Dash AP, Swain BK, Dey N. Anti-malarial activities of Andrographis paniculata and Hedyotis corymbosa extracts and their combination with curcumin. Malar J. 2009;8:26. | Read article |

[2008] Noiarsa P, Ruchirawat S, Otsuka H, Kanchanapoom T. Chemical constituents from Oldenlandia corymbosa L. of Thai origin. J Nat Med 2008;62(2):249-250. | Read abstract |

[2008] Liang Z, He M, Fong W, Jiang Z, Zhao Z. A comparable, chemical and pharmacological analysis of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Oldenlandia diffusa and O. corymbosa and a new valuation of their biological potential. Phytomedicine 2008;15(4):259-267. | Read abstract |

[2006] Sadasivan S, Latha PG, Sasikumar JM, Rajashekaran S, Shyamal S, Shine VJ. Hepatoprotective studies on Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;106(2):245-259. | Read abstract |

[1985] Corbineau F, Côme D. Effect of temperature, oxygen, and gibberellic acid on the development of photosensitivity in Oldenlandia corymbosa L. seeds during their incubation in darkness. Plant Physiol 1985;79(2):411-414. | Read article |

[1982] Corbineau F, Côme D. Effect of the intensity and duration of light at various temperatures on the germination of Oldenlandia corymbosa L. seeds. Plant Physiol 1982;70(5):1518-1520. | Read article |

[1960] Note on the constituents of the Indian medicinal plant Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc 1960;49:562-563.